Hindi films only. In order of appearance. Thanks to inputs by Balaji Murthy and Kalyan Kolachala.
Ishrat Jahan (Bibbo). Adal-e-Jahangir (1934)
Jaddan Bai (Nargis Mother). Talash-e-Haq (1935)
Saraswati Devi (Khorshed Minocher-Homji) was the first female music director with the film Jawani Ki Hawa (1935)
Amirbai Karnataki. Shahanaz (1948)
Usha Khanna. Dil Deke Dekho (1959)
Sudha Malhotra (one song in) Didi (1959)
Now You Know!