This is from a PhD dissertation in Hindi, submitted to a university from Jhansi in 1989.
In Hindi, Rupak Alankar is a figure of speech where the "subject" is directly identified as the "comparison" without using words like "like" or "as."
The English equivalent is metaphor.
A short sample of examples from the dissertation
Rupak
1- Dooba jab dil ka naiyya saamne the kinaare.
2- Karti jyoti amrit se sinchan, mangal ghar ghar ke
jyoti Yashoda, dharti gaiya, neel gagan Gopal
Kanhaiya, shyaamal chhavi halki.
3- Mere praanon ka hee gunjan tum man-mayur ho mere.
4- Preeti-dulhan saji man mein, shehanaai baji hai.
5- Dukh ki nadiya jeevan naiyya, aasha ke patvaar lag.
6- Kaahe chhalke nainon ki gagri kaahe barse jal.
7- Chhand gai jeevan-dhan, praanon ko phir baandh virah ke bandhan me man maavan.
8- Jeevan-nadiya bahti jaaye shaam savere bepahchaana.
9- Chhand jagat ko jogi vanajaa odh ke preeti-dushaala.
10- Haay! toree-nazar ka deewana nishaana hoon main.
Now You Know!
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